Salesforce interview Question

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What are the different types of object relations in salesforce? How can you create them?

No list of Salesforce interview questions is complete without involving relationships between objects in Salesforce. Relationships in Salesforce can be used to establish links between two or more objects.

The different types of object relationships in Salesforce are:

  1. Master-Detail Relationship (1:n):- It is a parent-child relationship in which the master object controls the behavior of the dependent child object. It is a 1:n relationship, in which there can be only one parent, but many children.The main concept you need to be know is that, being the controlling object, the master field cannot be empty. If a record/ field in master object is deleted, the corresponding fields in the dependent object are also deleted. This is called a cascade delete. Dependent fields will inherit the owner, sharing and security settings from its master.You can define master-detail relationships between two custom objects, or between a custom object and standard object as long as the standard object is the master in the relationship.
  2. Lookup Relationship (1:n):-
    Lookup relationships are used when you want to create a link between two objects, but without the dependency on the parent object. Similar to Master-Detail relationship, you can think of this as a form of parent-child relationship where there is only one parent, but many children i.e. 1:n relationship.    The difference here is that despite being controlling field, deleting a record will not result in automatic deletion of the lookup field in the child object. Thus the records in the child object will not be affected and there is no cascade delete here. Neither will the child fields inherit the owner, sharing or security settings of its parent.
  3. Junction Relationship (Many-To-Many):-
    This kind of a relationship can exist when there is a need to create two master-detail relationships. Two master-detail relationships can be created by linking 3 custom objects. Here, two objects will be master objects and the third object will be dependent on both the objects. In simpler words, it will be a child object for both the master objects.

What happens to detail record when a master record is deleted? What happens to child record when a parent record is deleted?

In a Master-Detail relationship, when a master record is deleted, the detail record is deleted automatically (Cascade delete).

In a Lookup relationship, even if the parent record is deleted, the child record will not be deleted.

 Can you have a roll up summary field in case of Master-Detail relationship?

Yes. You can have a roll-up summary in case of a master-detail relationship. But not in case of a lookup relationship.

A roll-up summary field is used to display a value in a master record based on the values of a set of fields in a detail record. The detail record must be related to the master through a master-detail relationship.

There are 4 calculations that you can do using roll-up summary field. You can count the number of detail records related to a master record. Or, you can calculate the sum, minimum value, or maximum value of a field in the detail records.

 Explain the term “Data Skew” in Salesforce.

“Data skew” is a condition which you will encounter when working for a big client where there are over 10,000 records. When one single user owns that many records we call that condition ‘ownership data skew’.

When such users perform updates, performance issues will be encountered because of “data skew”. This happens when a single user/ members of a single role own most of the records for a particular object.

 Explain skinny table. What are the considerations for Skinny Table?

In Salesforce, skinny tables are used to access frequently used fields and to avoid joins. This largely improves performance. Skinny tables are highly effective, so much so that even when the source tables are modified, skinny tables will be in sync with source tables.

Considerations for skinny tables:

  • Skinny tables can contain a maximum of 100 columns.
  • Skinny tables cannot contain fields from other objects.
  • For full sandboxes: Skinny tables are copied to your Full sandbox organizations, as of the Summer ’15 release.

 Which fields are automatically Indexed in Salesforce?

Only the following fields are automatically indexed in Salesforce:

  • Primary keys (Id, Name and Owner fields).
  • Foreign keys (lookup or master-detail relationship fields).
  • Audit dates (such as SystemModStamp).
  • Custom fields marked as an External ID or a unique field.

 How to handle comma within a field while uploading using Data Loader?

In a Data Loader .CSV, if there is a comma in field content, you will have to enclose the contents within double quotation marks: ” “.

E. Logic & Process Automation – Salesforce Interview Questions

 For which criteria in workflow “time dependent workflow action” cannot be created?

Time dependent workflow action cannot be create for: “created, and every time it’s edited”.

 What are the types of custom settings in Salesforce? What is the advantage of using custom settings?

There are two types of custom settings in Salesforce: List Custom Settings and Hierarchy Custom Settings.

List Custom Settings are a type of custom settings that provides a reusable set of static data that can be accessed across your organization irrespective of user/ profile.
Hierarchy Custom Settings are another type of custom settings that uses built-in hierarchical logic for “personalizing” settings for specific profiles or users.

The advantage of using custom settings is that it allows developers to create a custom set of access rules for various users and profiles.

 How many active assignment rules can you have in a lead/ case?

Only one rule can be active at a time.

 What are custom labels in Salesforce? What is the character limit of custom label?

Custom labels are custom text values that can be accessed from Apex classes or Visualforce pages. The values here can be translated into any language supported by Salesforce.
Their benefit is that they enable developers to create multilingual applications which automatically presents information in a user’s native language.

You can create up to 5,000 custom labels for your organization, and they can be up to 1,000 characters in length.

 What is the difference between a Role and Profile in Salesforce?

As mentioned in one of the previous Salesforce interview questions, a profile will ultimately control access to which records a user has in a Salesforce org. No user can work on the Salesforce org without being assigned a profile. The Profile is therefore mandatory for every user.

Role however is not mandatory for every user. The primary function of the Role/ Role hierarchy is that it allows higher level users in hierarchy get access to records owned by lower level users in the hierarchy. An example of that is Sales Managers getting access to records owned by Sales Reps while their peers do not get access to it.

 What are the examples of non-deterministic Force.com formula fields?

Before I mention some of the examples, let me give you an introduction to deterministic and non-deterministic formula fields. Formula fields whose value will be static are referred to as deterministic fields. Whereas, formula fields whose value will be changed dynamically or whose values will have to be calculated on the fly, they are referred to as non-deterministic formula fields. A classic example of that is a formula returning the current date and time.

Some examples of non-deterministic fields in Force.com are:

  • Lookup fields
  • Formula fields whose reference spans over other entities
  • Fields having dynamic date functions like:- TODAY() or NOW()

 Software Testing – Salesforce Interview Questions

Why do we need to write test classes? How to identify if a class is a test class?

Software developers from around the world will unanimously agree that writing code in test classes makes debugging more efficient. Why? That is because test classes help in creating robust and error-free code be it Apex or any other programming language. Since Unit tests are powerful in their own right, Salesforce requires you to write test classes in Apex code.

Why are they so powerful? Because test classes and test methods verify whether a particular piece of code is working properly or not. If that piece of code fails, then developers/ testers can accurately locate the test class having the faulty bug.

Test classes can be determined easily because every test class will be annotated with @isTest keyword. In fact, if we do not annotate a test class with @isTest, then it cannot be defined as a test class. Similarly, any method within a class which has the keyword testMethod, is a test method.

 What is minimum test coverage required for trigger to deploy?

In Salesforce, if you want to deploy your code to production, then you must make sure that at least 75% of your Apex code is covered by unit tests. And all these tests must complete successfully.

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